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The volumes in this series include contemporary techniques significant to a particular branch of neuroscience. They are an invaluable aid to the student as well as the experienced researcher not only in developing protocols in neuroscience but in disciplines where research is becoming closely related to neuroscience. Each volume of Methods in Neurosciences contains an index, and each chapter includes references. Dr. Conn became Editor-in-Chief of the series beginning with Volume 15, so each subsequent volume could be guest-edited by an expert in that specific field. This further strengthens the depth of coverage in Methods in Neurosciences for students and researchers alike. Direct application of PCR to fresh or frozen clinical specimens (e.g., blood and solid tissue) Complete retrieval of novel expressed genes by PCR without screening a library Quantitation by PCR Mutagenesis by PCR PCR in AIDS research Simple and effective protocols for PCR on archival specimens

# data[].attributes.description
The volumes in this series include contemporary techniques significant to a particular branch of neuroscience. They are an invaluable aid to the student as well as the experienced researcher not only in developing protocols in neuroscience but in disciplines where research is becoming closely related to neuroscience. Each volume of Methods in Neurosciences contains an index, and each chapter includes references. Dr. Conn became Editor-in-Chief of the series beginning with Volume 15, so each subsequent volume could be guest-edited by an expert in that specific field. This further strengthens the depth of coverage in Methods in Neurosciences for students and researchers alike. Comprehensive protocols included for: Enzymes involved in the activation of bioactive peptidases and proteins Prohormone/neuropeptide processing pathways Enzymes involved in peptide metabolism Posttranslational processing enzymes

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Viral Gene Techniques is a practical laboratory guide to current techniques of molecular biology and genetics. The volume is concerned with methods for the analysis of viral genes and chromosomes: DNA viruses and RNA viruses including HIV are discussed.

* Methods presented for ease of use and reasdy adaptation to new systems* Detailed experimental protocols included for:* Viral vectors - construction and use of DNA virus vectors (adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, vaccinia virus, Epstein - Barr virus)* DNA viruses - virus/host interactions, viral chromosomes , transcription regulation (viruses discussed include herpes simplex, hepatitis B, SV40, JC, Epstein-Barr, adenovirus)* Human Immunodeficiency Virus / retroviruses -quantitation of HIV-1 virus stock and RNA, retrovirus reverse transcription / integration, retrovirus-mediated cell fusion, use as cell lineage markers* RNA viruses - RNA virus assembly, analysis of RNA genomes, assays for RNA-binding proteins (viruses discussed include poliovirus, influenza virus, hepatitis delta virus)

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Nitric Oxide Synthase: Characterization and Functional Analysis

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Although the function of nitric oxide in a regulatory capacity in the central and peripheral nervous system is widely recognized, the full scope of its actions and its interrelationships with other classes of regulatory molecules is just beginning to be comprehended. This volume contains a number of sophisticated and advanced methods essential for exploring the activity of nitric oxide in the brain. It will be a valuable tool for the established investigator and for those just entering the field. Comprehensive protocols included for detection of NO and related compounds by chemical, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques Newly developed methods for the purification of neuronal and endothelial NO synthase, production of monoclonal antibodies to NO synthase, molecular cloning and expression of NO synthesis, and control of NO synthase gene expression Assessment of NO-mediated functions in neurons, central nervous system, cerebral circulation, synaptic transmission, and vascular tone Calcium imaging by confocal microscopy, evaluation of the effect of NO on iron metabolism, and detection of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 message level and distribution

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Microbial Gene Techniques is a practical laboratory guide to current techniques of molecular biology and genetics. The focus of the volume is on microbial cells, particularly eukaryotic microbes and bacteria, as well as plasmids and bacteriophages.

* * Methods presented for ease of use and ready adaptation to new systems.* Detailed protocols included for:* Eukaryotic microbes - protozoan parasites (forward and reverse genetics, genome analysis), filamentous fungi (chromosome and gene analysis)* Yeast chromosomes - YACs, genome mapping, transcription factors, nucleosomes, recombination, RNA polymerase, pheromones.* Bacterial gene structure and regulation - E. coli (DNA methylation, mRNA characterization, gene regulation), B Subtilis (genetic mapping, chemotaxis), computer identification of genes.* Plasmids and bacteriophages - plasmid templates for transcription assays, plasmid replication: bacteriophage transcription, molecular genetic analysis using phages, phage assembly.

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Pesticides, Environmentally Relevant Molecules and Biologically Active Molecules

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People working in development of drugs, pesticides, washing detergents, etc., are obliged by law to conduct analyses of the "metabolic pathways" or "maps" for the chemical compounds that they are using or proposing. Everyone in these industries or carrying out research toward such products is therefore interested in having a reference on these compounds. Covers literature relating to degradation and metabolic profiles of molecules Draws together the literature on degradation and metabolism patterns with that on diversified conditions of the environmental systems Indicates 3D chemical structures, predicted physico-chemical parameters, logP and the SMILES chemical notations of the parent compounds to assist scientists design the lead compounds for new discovery using computer-aided technology

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Menopause: Biology and Pathobiology is a comprehensive volume covering all aspects of the biology, anatomy, physiology, pathobiology, and pharmacology of menopause, as well as its diagnosis and management.
The book is divided into four sections: Basic Biology, Epidemiology, Menopausal Systems Pathophysiology, and Intervention. Basic Biology covers such fundamentals as ovarian anatomy and physiology, mechanisms of steroid hormone action, chronobiological effects, and premature menopause. Epidemiology includes, among others, chapters on methodology challenges in the study of menopause, how to distinguish the effects of age from those of menopause, and a discussion of the key differences in demographics, environmental factors, and ethnicity in the menopause experience. The Pathophysiology section contains chapters on menopause and its various effects on the body, including sexuality, skin, brain, the cardiovascular system, cancers, and mood. The final section includes detailed chapters on intervention and management techniques, with topics including alternative therapies to hormone replacement, exercise, and estrogens and osteoporosis.

* Well-referenced to allow easy look up of anything related to menopause
* Presents the latest thinking on basic science and clinical topics
* Exposes what the current gaps in our knowledge are
* Presents current expert opinions

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Rogerio A. Lobo, Jennifer Kelsey, Robert Marcus

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This second edition of Membrane Protein Purification and Crystallization, A Practical Guide is written for bench scientists working in the fields of biochemistry, biology, and proteomic research. This guide presents isolation and crystallization techniques in a concise form, emphasizing the critical aspects unique to membrane proteins. It explains the principles of the methods and provides protocols of general use, permitting researchers and students new to this area to adapt these techniques to their particular needs. This edition is not only an update but is comprised mainly of new contributions. It is the first monograph compiling the essential approaches for membrane protein crystallization, and emphasizes recent progress in production and purification of recombinant membrane proteins. Provides general guidelines and strategies for isolation and crystallization of membrane proteins Gives detailed protocols that have wide application, and low specialized equipment needs Emphasizes recent progress in production and purification of recombinant membrane proteins, especially of histidine-tagged and other affinity-epitope-tagged proteins  Summarizes recent developments of Blue-Native PAGE, a high resolution separation technique, which is independent of the use of recombinant techniques, and is especially suited for proteomic analyses of membrane protein complexes Gives detailed protocols for membrane protein crystallization, and describes the production and use of antibody fragments for high resolution crystallization Presents a comprehensive guide to 2D-crystallization of membrane proteins

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Carola Hunte, Gebhard von Jagow, Hermann Schagger

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Postembryonic Reprogramming of Gene Expression in Amphibian and Insect Cells

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Metamorphosis addresses various facets of postembryonic development, particularly signal transduction, morphogenesis, cell-cell interactions, and programmed cell death. A key feature of the book is its exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Hormonal regulation of development The mechanisms of hormone action The steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family Morphogenesis and programmed cell death

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Lawrence I. Gilbert, Jamshed R. Tata, Burr G. Atkinson

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This is the second volume in a series on membrane protein transfer. Membrane protein transport underlies the topological disposition of many proteins within cells and it is this disposition that allows for the co-ordination of the central cellular processes, such as metabolism.

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Metabolic Bone Disease and Clinically Related Disorders

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Metabolic Bone Disease, Third Edition is the new, expanded edition of the classic text, featuring the latest advancements and research information in this fast-moving field. The Third Edition includes the most up-to-date information on molecular mechanisms, basic biology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis and management strategies of metabolic bone disease. Edited by "fathers of the field" An expanded version of a classic AP text Complete coverage of a fast-growing field

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This is the third volume in a series on membrane protein transfer. Membrane protein transport underlies the topological disposition of many proteins within cells and it is this disposition that allows for the co-ordination of the central cellular processes, such as metabolism.

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Medical and Veterinary Entomology is a comprehensive text and is primarily intended for graduate students and upper level undergraduates studying the medical and veterinary significance of insects and related arthropods. The book will also appeal to a larger audience, specialists and non-specialists alike, including entomologists, parasitologists, biologists, epidemiologists, physicians, public health personnel, veterinarians, wildlife specialists and others looking for a readable, authoritative book on this topic. The first two chapters provide overviews of medical-veterinary entomology and epidemiology, respectively. These are followed by individual chapters devoted to each group of insects or arachnids of medical-veterinary importance and the health problems they can cause including their role as vectors of pathogens. Each of these chapters provides an overview of the taxonomy, biology and ecology of the group, and is followed by separate sections on their medical and veterinary importance, then by a section on prevention and control and, finally, by a list of references and further reading. Nationally and internationally renowned contributing authors Up to date and new information that is easy to locate, with extensive subheadings and highlighted key words throughout text Includes extensive coverage of arachnids, including scorpions, solpugids, spiders, mites and ticks Designed for teaching several courses including Medical Entomology, Veterinary Entomology or combined Medical-Veterinary Entomology courses

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This is the first volume in a series on membrane protein transfer. Membrane protein transport underlies the topological disposition of many proteins within cells and it is this disposition that allows for the co-ordination of the central cellular processes, such as metabolism.

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The chapters in this book thoroughly cover the structure, regulation, and function of matrix metalloproteinases, and provide information on the latest strategies to inhibit enzyme activity. This work will be an indispensable reference tool for investigators with an interest in extracellular matrix biology, matrix turnover, enzymology and biochemistry of proteinases, developmental biology, pathology, and therapeutic interventions. Provides state-of-the-art information on a field with broad implications to many areas of biology Includes detailed coverage of the structure and regulation of all major matrix metalloproteinases Chapters focus on a timely and expanding field Topics have direct relevance to understanding human disease pathology of cancer, arthritis, and vascular disease Discusses latest strategies used in the development of new therapeutics to inhibit metalloproteinase activity

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The purpose of this module is to provide a survey of the rapidly expanding field of developmental biology and to introduce it to the student in a unifying way. In medical schools where courses in biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology are already considerably intersecting, there is not surprisingly a rising demand in modern medical education for books emphasizing the interdisciplinary approach. In recent years, developmental biology has become a very vibrant and exciting field. The adoption of the interdisciplinary approach in this field has yielded enormous information about how DNA is able to produce a living organism from a fertilized egg. The discovery of 'master' genes in Drosophila that control spatial organization and share a segment of DNA, the so-called homeobox, and the discovery in C. elegans of genes controlling the timing of branching off of cell lineages are today recognized as milestones in molecular developmental biology.Because of space limitations and because of the information explosion, we have continued to pursue the policy of selecting broad topics but not in every case. This time, for example, though guided by the principle that a close connection exists between genes, adhesion, and morphogenesis, we opted to include certain topics such as cadherin - an adhesion molecule - rather than have the whole subject of adhesion dealth with in a single chapter. Substrate-adhering molecules (e.g., fibronectnin) are touched upon in Chapter 5. In a similar manner, only one type of junction is discussed at length. Chapters 8, 9, and 10 border on the extraordinary, for they are together absorbingly interesting. The last chapter makes things more pragmatic. The attention of the reader is drawn to the fact that several previous volumes of the compendium impinge on the present one. Chapters 25 and 26 in Volume 7B, in particular, have much to say on the subjects of extracellular matrix adhesion and intercellular communication.

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Mechanisms and Models in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Rheumatoid arthritis is a bewilderingly complex disease involving the interactions of many, and varied, cell populations and multiple families of low and high molecular mass mediators. We are only slowly beginning to understand the mechanisms that produce the local and systematic pathology clinically recognized as rheumatoid arthritis. Increasingly, use is being made of experimental models of this disease in an effort to test hypotheses about putative pathological mechanisms and to investigate the effect of novel therapeutic agents. A major section of this book covers these experimental models in great detail from their development through to reviews of the most recent information on each model.Mechanisms and Models in Rheumatoid Arthritis brings together a group of eminent researchers from the fields of clinical rheumatology, pathology, experimental pathology, immunology, connective tissue biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology and developmental biology to describe the current views of the cellular and humoral mechanisms that drive the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis and experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis.

Key Features:* The book is divided into five sections:* The clinical spectrum, aetiopathogenesis, the role of microbial superantigens in pathology and the present and future therapies for rheumatoid arthritis* The pathology of rheumatoid arthritis, the development and role of synovial pannus and the use of immunohistochemistry in defining synovial pathology* Cell populations involved in synovitis with chapters on synovial cells, chondrocytes, bone cells, leukocytes and leukocyte trafficking* Mediators, with coverage of: cytokines and cytokine inhibitors, growth factors, free radicals and inflammatory lipid mediators, neuropeptides and proteases* Current studies on experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis

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B. Henderson, J. G. Edwards, E. R. Pettipher

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It should not come as too much of a surprise that biological membranes are considerably more complex than lipid bilayers. This has been made quite clear by the fluid-mosaic model which considers the cell membrane as a two-dimensional solution of a mosaic of integral membrane proteins and glycoproteins firmly embedded in a fluid lipid bilayer matrix. Such a model has several virtues, chief among which is that it allows membrane components to diffuse in the plane of the membrane and orient asymmetrically across the membrane. The model is also remarkable since it provokes the right sort of questions. Two such examples are: Does membrane fluidity influence enzyme activity? Does cholesterol regulate fluidity? However, it does not go far enough. As it turns out, there is now another version of this model, the so-called post-fluid mosaic model which incorporates two concepts, namely the existence in the membrane of discrete domains in which specific lipid-lipid, lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions occur and ordered regions that are in motion but remain separate from less ordered regions. We must admit that both are intriguing problems and of importance in guiding our thinking as to what the next model might be.
We have chosen not to include the subject of membrane transport in the present volume. This obviously represents a break with convention. However, the intention is to have the topic covered subsequent volumes relating to organ systems. It would be right to regard this as an attempt to strengthen the integrated approach to the teaching of medicine.

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Measurement, Judgment, and Decision Making

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Measurement, Judgment, and Decision Making provides an excellent introduction to measurement, which is one of the most basic issues of the science of psychology and the key to science. Written by leading researchers, the book covers measurement, psychophysical scaling, multidimensional scaling, stimulus categorization, and behavioral decision making. Each chapter provides a useful handbook summary and unlocks the door for a scholar who desires entry to that field.

Any psychologist who manipulates an independent variable that affects a psychological construct or who uses a numerical dependent variable to measure a psychological construct will want to study this book.
Written by leading researchers in fields of measurement, psychophysical scaling, multidimensional scaling, stimulus categorization, and behavioral decision making Provides basic definitions and summaries of theories Presents summaries and citations to relevant literature Contains new developments, current controversies, and open questions Explains relationships among fields and historical links

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Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology

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Biological Techniques is a series of volumes aimed at introducing to a wide audience the latest advances in methodology. The pitfalls and problems of new techniques are given due consideration, as are those small but vital details not always explicit in the methods sections of journal papers.
In recent years, most biological laboratories have been invaded by computers and a wealth of new DNA technology and this will be reflected in many of the titles appearing in the series.
The books will be of value to advances researches and graduate students seeking to learn and apply new techniques, and will be useful to teachers of advanced undergraduate courses involving practical or project work.
This manual describes the broad array of techniques that are used in insect pathology. It will provide biologists, insect pathologists, entomologists, and those interested in biological control, with the necessary information to work on a variety of pathogen groups.
This book will be an essential laboratory reference for insect pathologists.

Features include:
* Step by-step instructions on how to isolate, identify, culture, bioassay and store the major groups of entomopathogens
* Details of the practical knowledge needed by beginners to apply the techniques
* Chapters written by an international group of experts
* Discussion of safety testing of entomopathogens in mammals and also broader methods such as microscopy and molecular techniques
* Provides extensive supplemental literature and recipes for media, fixatives and stains