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This book is a comprehensive reference in the field of neural networks and genome informatics. The tutorial of neural network foundations introduces basic neural network technology and terminology. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of special system designs for building neural networks for genome informatics, and broad reviews and evaluations of current state-of-the-art methods in the field. This book concludes with a description of open research problems and future research directions.

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In nature, the roots of most plants are colonized by symbiotic fungi to form mycorrhiza, which play a critical role in the capture of nutrients from the soil, and therefore in plant nutrition. Thirteen years have passed since the publication of the First Edition of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, the book that has been generally acclaimed as the most definitive work on this fascinating topic. The Second Edition co-authored by Professor Sally Smith and Professor David Read has been completely rewritten to cover the significant advances in our understanding of this field.

Key Features* Separate accounts of major mycorrhizal types, highlighting structure, development, physiology and ecology* Integrative treatment, covering nutrient transport, roles of mycorrhizas in ecology, applications in man-made environments, and interactions with pollutants* In depth treatment of evolutionary and developmental aspects, plus closer examination of external mycelium, and transport processes* Appreciation of diversity of form and function within major mycorrhizal types, and its importance in ecosystems

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This comprehensive, authoritative treatise covers all aspects of mucosal vaccines including their development, mechanisms of action, molecular/cellular aspects, and practical applications. The contributing authors and editors of this one-of-a-kind book are very well known in their respective fields. Mucosal Vaccines is organized in a unique format in which basic, clinical, and practical aspects of the mucosal immune system for vaccine development are described and discussed. This project is endorsed by the Society for Mucosal Immunology. Provides the latest views on mucosal vaccines Applies basic principles to the development of new vaccines Links basic, clinical, and practical aspects of mucosal vaccines to different infectious diseases Unique and user-friendly organization

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Hiroshi Kiyono, Pearay L. Ogra, Jerry R. McGhee

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This book is written to serve as a general reference for biologists and resource managers with relatively little statistical training. It focuses on both basic concepts and practical applications to provide professionals with the tools needed to assess monitoring methods that can detect trends in populations. It combines classical finite population sampling designs with population enumeration procedures in a unified approach for obtaining abundance estimates for species of interest. The statistical information is presented in practical, easy-to-understand terminology. Presented in practical, easy-to-understand terminology Serves as a general reference for biologists and resource managers Provides the tools needed to detect trends in populations Introduces a unified approach for obtaining abundance estimates

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William L. Thompson, Gary C. White, Charles Gowan

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The detection and measurement of the dynamic interactions of proteins within the living cell are critical to our understanding of cell physiology and pathophysiology. With FRET microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, basic and clinical scientists can make such measurements at very high spatial and temporal resolution. But sources of background information about these tools are very limited, so this book fills an important gap. It covers both the basic concepts and theory behind the various FRET microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, and the practical aspects of using the techniques and analyzing the results. The critical tricks for obtaining a good FRET image and precisely quantitating the signals from living specimens at the nanomolecular level are explained. Valuable information about the preparation of biological samples used for FRET image analysis is also provided. The methods covered include different types of microscopy systems and detectors (wide-field, confocal, multi-photon) as well as specialized techniques such as photobleaching FRET, FLIM-FRET microscopy, spectral imaging FRET, single molecule FRET, and time and image correlation spectroscopy. Starting from the basics, the chapters guide readers through the choice of probes to be used for FRET experiments and the selection of the most suitable experimental approaches to address specific biological questions. Up-to-date, consistently organized, and well-illustrated, this unique book will be welcomed by all researchers who wish to use FRET microscopy and spectroscopy techniques.

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This book represents a classic compilation of current knowledge about mouse development and its correlates to research in cell biology, molecular biology, genetics, and neuroscience. Emphasis is placed on the research strategy, experimental design, and critical analysis of the data, disguishing this from other books that only focus on protocols for mouse developmental research. Selected chapters are indexed to electronic databases such as GeneBank, GenBank, Electronic Mouse Atlas, and Transgenic/Knockout, further increasing the utility of this book as a reference.

*Broad-based overview of mouse development from fundamental to specialist levels*Extensive coverage of a wide range of developmental mutations of the mouse*Excellent benchmark illustrations of brain, craniofacial, gut and heart development*In-depth experiment-based assessment of concepts in mammalian development*Focus on models of specific relevance to human development*Comprehensive reference to key literature and electronic databases related to mouse development*High-quality full-color production

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Molecular diagnostic procedures have been described in a number of recent books and articles. However, these publications have not focused on virus detection, nor have they provided practical protocols for the newer molecular methods.

Written by the inventors or principal developers of these technologies, Molecular Methods for Virus Detection provides both reviews of individual methods and instructions for detecting virus nucleic acid sequences in clinical specimens. Each procedure includes quality assurance protocols that are often ignored by other methodology books. Molecular Methods for Virus Detection provides clinically relevant procedures for many of the newer diagnostic methodologies.
Provides state-of-the-art PCR methods for amplification, quantitation, in situ hybridization, and multiplex reactions Goes beyond PCR with protocols for 3SR, NASBA, LCR, SDA, and LAT Covers important virus detection methods such as in situ hybridization; Southern, dot, and slot blots; branched chain signal amplification; and chemiluminescence Includes quality control information crucial in research and clinical laboratories Most chapters are written by the inventors and principal developers of the methodologies Includes color plates, 77 figures, and 18 tables

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Monoclonal Antibodies now have applications in virtually all areas of biology and medicine, and much of the world's biotechnology industry has its foundations in the exploitation of this technology.

The Third Edition of this well established book meets the needs of both newcomers to the area and experienced researchers, by providing an integrated treatment of both the production and application of monoclonal antibodies. As in previous editions, detailed and critical accounts of the theory, production, purification, fragmentation, storage and radiolabelling of monoclonal antibodies are given, along with descriptions of their use in antigen characterization, affinity chromatography and immunofluorescence. The present volume has been comprehensively updated to cover recent rapid advances, particularly with respect to the applications of molecular biology, the use of antibodies in closing and heterologous expression of genes, immunohistology and phage display libraries. Since the previous edition, there has been a growing trend towards the replacement of procedures using radioactive isotopes, and the current edition incorporates these newer technologies.

The text is oriented towards problems solving, and makes it easy to adapt each procedure to individual needs. Extensive cross-referencing, a glossary and a comprehensive index make this book an essential reference.

This book will be vital both for laboratories already producing or using monoclonal antibodies, and for workers in many disciplines who are contemplating their use.
Provides an integrated treatment of both the production and application of monoclonals in cell biology, biochemistry, and immunology Gives detailed and critical accounts of the theory, production, purification, storage, and relabelling of monoclonals, and their use in antigen characterization, affinity chromorography, and immunofluroscence Comprehensively updated to cover the rapid advances that have occurred since the publication of the Second Edition

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Molecular and Diagnostic Procedures in Mycoplasmology

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This book and its companion, Volume I, concentrate on new procedures--especially those based on the new molecular methodology--developed within the past decade. This volume deals with the new genetic and immunological tools applied to the diagnosis of mycoplasma infections of humans, animals, plants, insects, and all cultures. Volume I outlines the approaches, techniques, and procedures applied to cell and molecular biology studies of mycoplasmas. Diagnostic genetic probes Immunological tools Antibiotic sensitivity testing Diagnosis of specific diseases Experimental infections Diagnosis of mycoplasma infections of cell cultures

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Molecular Protocols in Transfusion Medicine

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This essential methods manual for immunohematologists (or hematologists and immunohematologists) provides information on genes that encode antigens on red blood cells, platelets and neutrophils. The book begins by covering general concepts in molecular biology and specific protocols such as DNA preparation, PCR-RFLP and allele-specific PCR. Information on the erythrocyte, platelet and neutrophil antigen systems and the molecular basis of polymorphisms are presented clearly in a gene facts sheet format. Database accession numbers and useful adjuncts such as Request forms, worksheets for PCR/enzyme digests also serve to benefit the user. The information is clearly presented and easily accessible and is complemented by the excellent diagrams and tabular material. This book is invaluable for both new and experienced researchers in the field and other related disciplines. Essential for hematologists and those involoved in tissue typing and the study of human genetic polymorphisms Presents clearly and concisely the information on a particular variant and the technique used to detect it Organized by antigen and provides sequences of polymorphisms and primers Details the general concepts and critical information on genes, their products, and sources of relevant nucleic acids Includes protocols that allow investigators to set up assays with minimal effort (protocols include primers, reagents, reaction conditions, sizes of amplified products, restriction fragment digests, and the relevant safety information) Provides information that helps interpret results in clinical settings Contains additional sources of information (e.g., key references, web site addresses, glossary, Database accession numbers, request forms, and worksheets for PCR/enzyme digests)

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Gregory A. Denomme, Maria Rios, Marion E. Reid

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Molecular and Diagnostic Procedures in Mycoplasmology

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This book and its companion, Volume II, concentrate on new procedures--especially those based on the new molecular methodology--developed within the past decade. This volume outlines the approaches, techniques, and procedures applied to cell and molecular biology studies of mycoplasmas. Volume II deals with the new genetic and immunological tools applied to the diagnosis of mycoplasma infections of humans, animals, plants, insects, and all cultures, with particular emphasis on the association of mycoplasmas with the activation of AIDS.

Key Features* Cultivation and morphology* Genome characterization and genetics* Membrane characterization* Cell metabolism* Taxonomy and phylogeny* Pathogenicity

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The tools of molecular biology have revolutionised our understanding of gene structure and function and changed the teaching of genetics in a fundamental way. The transition from classical genetics to molecular genetics was initiated by two discoveries. One was the discovery that DNA has a complementary double helix structure and the other that a universal genetic code does exist. Both led to the acceptance of the central dogma that RNA molecules are made on DNA templates.

The last twenty years have seen remarkable growth in our knowledge of molecular genetics, most of which is the outcome of recombinant DNA technology. This technology which is not limited to cloning, sequencing, and expression has created a biotechnology industry of its own, the purpose of which is to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in medicine. Both industries in collaboration with the biomedical community are now engaged in laying down the foundation of molecular medicine.

The present volume seeks to provide a coherent account of the new science of molecular genetics. Its content however is by no means exhaustive, partly because of the publication explosion but more because of space restrictions. A rudimentary knowledge of genetics on the reader's part is assumed. Quite understandably, considerable emphasis is placed on major technical advances but not without expounding numerous new ideas and phenomena including alternative splicing, POR, DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and so on.

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Sequenced biological macromolecules have revitalized systematic studies of evolutionary history. Molecular Systematics of Fishes is the first authoritative overview of the theory and application of these sequencing data to fishes. This volume explores the phylogeny of fishes at multiple taxonomic levels, uses methods of analysis of molecular data that apply both within and between fish populations, and employs molecule-based phylogenies to address broader questions of evolution. Targeted readers include ichthyologists, marine scientists, and all students, faculty, and researchers interested in fish evolution and ecology and vertebrate systematics. Focuses on the phylogeny and evolutionary biology of fishes Contains phylogenies of fishes at multiple taxonomic levels Applies molecule-based phylogenies to broader questions of evolution Includes methods for critique of analysis of molecular data

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Intended as an introduction to the field, Modern Global Seismology is a complete, self-contained primer on seismology. It features extensive coverage of all related aspects, from observational data through prediction, emphasizing the fundamental theories and physics governing seismic waves--both natural and anthropogenic. Based on thoroughly class-tested material, the text provides a unique perspective on the earths large-scale internal structure and dynamic processes, particularly earthquake sources, and on the application of theory to the dynamic processes of the earths upper skin.

Authored by two experts in the field of geophysics. this insightful text is designed for the first-year graduate course in seismology. Exploration seismologists will also find it an invaluable resource on topics such as elastic-wave propagation, seismicinstrumentation, and seismogram analysis useful in interpreting their high-resolution images of structure for oil and mineral resource exploration.
More than 400 illustrations, many from recent research articles, help readers visualize mathematical relationships 49 Boxed Features explain advanced topics Provides readers with the most in-depth presentation of earthquake physics available Contains incisive treatments of seismic waves, waveform evaluation and modeling, and seismotectonics Provides quantitative treatment of earthquake source mechanics Contains numerous examples of modern broadband seismic recordings Fully covers current seismic instruments and networks Demonstrates modern waveform inversion methods Includes extensive references for further reading

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In this volume contemporary methods designed to provide insights into, mathematical structure for, and predictive inferences about neuroendocrine control mechanisms are presented. Collates an array of contemporary techniques for analysis of neuroendocrine data Discusses current problems in and solutions to neurohormone pulse analysis Identifies relevant software available

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P. Michael Conn, Michael L. Johnson, Johannes D. Veldhuis

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This volume includes paradigms, model systems, and techniques for the study of dysfunctions in the nervous system. The advantages and disadvantages of the approaches presented are critically discussed. Neural injury Developmental cell death Disease processes and aging

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Measurement and Manipulation of Intracellular Ions

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This practical book provides the detailed methodology and expert guidance required for measuring and manipulating cytosolic ion concentrations. In addition, the strengths, weaknesses, and pitfalls of various techniques are presented. It is an invaluable source for those needing an objective evaluation of current methodologies and for those contemplating setting up such procedures. A one-source reference for measuring and manipulating intracellular ions and for comparing and evaluating current methodologies Includes overviews of Optical probes and reagents Fabrication and use of ion-selective microelectrodes Use of NMR spectroscopy Ionophores

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P. Michael Conn, Jacob Kracier, S. Jeffrey Dixon

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The volumes in this series include contemporary techniques significant to a particular branch of neuroscience. They are an invaluable aid to the student as well as the experienced researcher not only in developing protocols in neuroscience but in disciplines where research is becoming closely related to neuroscience. Each volume of Methods in Neurosciences contains an index, and each chapter includes references. Dr. Conn became Editor-in-Chief of the series beginning with Volume 15, so each subsequent volume could be guest-edited by an expert in that specific field. This further strengthens the depth of coverage in Methods in Neurosciences for students and researchers alike. Cloning Expression systems Signal transduction Structure-function techniques Antireceptor antibodies Regulation 3-D receptor modeling and computational probing

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The volumes in this series include contemporary techniques significant to a particular branch of neuroscience. They are an invaluable aid to the student as well as the experienced researcher not only in developing protocols in neuroscience but in disciplines where research is becoming closely related to neuroscience. Each volume of Methods in Neurosciences contains an index, and each chapter includes references. Dr. Conn became Editor-in-Chief of the series beginning with Volume 15, so each subsequent volume could be guest-edited by an expert in that specific field. This further strengthens the depth of coverage in Methods in Neurosciences for students and researchers alike.
Comprehensive protocols included for the study of:
The brain-immune system The neuroimmune system: Effects of the brain on the peripheral immune system Neuroimmune effects from substances of abuse (e.g. cocaine) to hypnosis Measurement of interferons, cytokines, natural killer cells, and major histocompatibility complex molecules Immunohistochemistry methods in the brain Neuropeptides as immunomodulators

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P. Michael Conn, M. Ian Phillips, Dwight Evans