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International Review of Research in Mental Retardation

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International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences. Volume 22 is an eclectic volume with chapters on genetics, developmental skills, and methodological issues, as well as review chapters on the Savant Syndrome, and supported employment programs. Contributors for this volume are from the U.S., U.K., and Australia.

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The fungi have been major players in the molecular revolution that has transformed biology. Because they can be manipulated as microorganisms, yeast and Neurospora provide information that is difficult to acquire with plants and animals, and experimental findings with fungi often throw light on corresponding processes in plants and animals. The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has become a valuable model organism because of its favorable features for genetic analysis and because of the vast store of information that has been acquired during 75 years of research. This compendium provides researchers and students with a concise account of current knowledge about the genes and genome of Neurospora, setting the stage for research that will follow completion of the genome sequence.<br>This book, which is fully documented and abundantly illustrated, will be an indispensable tool in any laboratory that uses fungi for research in molecular genetics, classical genetics, developmental genetics, or cell biology. Molecular, genetic, and phenotypic information for over 1000 nuclear genes Genetic maps Linkage group assignments for 1000 loci 2300 references, 68 figures Guide to electronic and other sources of information Summary information on the mitochondrial genome cDNAs identified from different stages of life Classical, cytogenetic, and molecular data, anticipating completion of the genome sequence

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David D. Perkins, Alan Radford, Matthew S. Sachs

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We have now reached the mid-point of our editorial task of putting together the compendium, Principles of Medical Biology, which is supposed to be composed of twenty-five modules. The present single-volume module on reproductive endocrinology and biology is in more than one respect a continuation of Module 10 (in two volumes) dealing with molecular and cellular endocrinology. In addition, it intersects, as it should, with various parts of obstetrics and gynaecology, both of which are abetted by technology. One has only to recall that the practical benefits of ultrasound in perinatal medicine and in vitro fertilisation are the outcome of the technological revolution in biomedicine. Whether we are approaching a new era in reproductive biology following the invention of animal cloning is still hard to tell. For some people, it remains an article of faith that cloning of the human being is highly probable. For others, asexual reproduction is anathema. It should surely be obvious to us all that somatic cell nuclear transfer technology (SCNTT) is going to be at its strongest in dealing with husbandry. Whether this and several social forces will alter our modern outlook, there can be little doubt.As in diverse clinical and basic research, so in obstetrics, animals are used as a model. The data thus obtained is extrapolated, if valid, to the mother and foetus. The success of this approach is exemplified in studies carried out on sheep as a model. On the whole, it is also quite apparent that progress in the field of reproductive biology is to a large extent ascribable to the discovery in other disciplines of new hormones, as well as the introduction of new tools and recent improvements in laboratory methods including measurement of hormones.

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Advances in DNA Sequence-specific Agents

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In this volume the entire focus is devoted to the macromolecule target specificity of DNA interactive developmental therapeutic agents of current interest. A brief introduction to DNA interactive anticancer agents is included for readers who may benefit from an overview surrounding the developments that have contributed to our general understanding of this field. The following nine chapters have been carefully chosen so that they describe topics which are at the forefront of development in DNA-targeted cancer chemotherapy. Issues that have been addressed include the mechanisms of selective DNA topoisomerase I and II poisoning by antitumor agents (Chapters 1 and 2), sequence-specific recognition of DNA by groove-binding drugs and drug-conjugates (Chapters 3 and 4), recent developments in nitrogen mustard alkylating agents and their potential use for antibody-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (Chapter 5), nonclassical platinum anticancer complexes, including dinuclear and trans-platinum derivatives (Chapter 6), DNA cleaving antitumor chromoproteins containing reactive enediyne moieties, which exhibit interesting free-radical chemistry along with selective targeting (Chapter 7), the potential of new sequence-specific antisense and antigene therapy in oncology (Chapter 8), and finally the conceivable chemotherapeutic use of mimetics of the DNA structure, obtained by substitution of the sugar-phosphate natural chain with a peptide backbone, the so-called peptide nucleic acids (Chapter 9). Important approaches being currently investigated for selective cancer treatment, such as gene therapy and immunochemotherapy, are not discussed in this volume since they fall beyond its scope.

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Progress in understanding the nature of the biological membrane has been very rapid over a broad front, but still pockets of ignorance remain. Application of the techniques of molecular biology has provided the sequences of a very large number of membrane proteins, and has led to the discovery of superfamilies of membrane proteins of related structure. In turn, the identification of these superfamilies has led to new ways of thinking about membrane processes. Many of these processes can now be discussed in molecular terms, and unexpected relationships between apparently unrelated phenomena are bringing a new unity to the study of biological membranes. The quantity of information available about membrane proteins is now too large for any one person to be familiar with anything but a very small part of the primary literature. A series of volumes concentrating on molecular aspects of biological membranes therefore seems timely. The hope is that, when complete, these volumes will provide a convenient introduction to the study of a wide range of membrane functions. This first volume is devoted to general surveys of the structure and synthesis of membrane proteins and lipids, of the interactions between lipids and proteins, and of the functions of biological membranes.

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Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology

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Provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and idea in molecular biology. Contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. Provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology Features contributions from leaders in their fields Contains abundant references

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Cofactor Biosynthesis: A Mechanistic Perspective

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The longest running serial published by Academic Press continues its well-respected run with Volume 61, a special volume in which a guest editor has come on board and has assembled some well-known contributors who are international authorities in the field. Together they tackle some of the latest topics in the field such as riboflavin and folate biosynthesis, biotin and lipoic acid biosynthesis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, biosynthesis of vitamin B6 and structurally related derivatives, pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis, mechanistic biosynthesis of protein-derived redox cofactors, ascorbic acid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of menaquinone and ubiquinone - Vitamin B12 biosynthesis, biosynthesis of the methanogenic cofactors, and thiamin biosynthesis.

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Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology

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Nucleic acids are the fundamental building blocks of DNA and RNA and are found in virtually every living cell. Molecular biology is a branch of science that studies the physicochemical properties of molecules in a cell, including nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes.

Increased understanding of nucleic acids and their role in molecular biology will further many of the biological sciences including genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology.

Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. Provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology Includes contributions from leaders in the field Contains abundant references

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International Review of Research in Mental Retardation

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International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences.

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This 23rd volume of Research in Organizational Behavior presents papers on a variety of topics in the field of organizational behaviour, with the twin goals of consolidating prior research and breaking new theoretical ground.

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Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the Serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones were quite distinct. Now, new discoveries have proved that several of the vitamins function as hormones and many of the substances inferred by the title of the serial function in signal transduction processes. Accordingly, the Editor-in-Chief has expanded the scope of the serial to reflect this newer understanding of function-structure relationships in cellular communication. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms.

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The previous edition of this book marked the shift in technology from video to digital camera use with microscope use in biological science. This new edition presents some of the optical fundamentals needed to provide a quality image to the digital camera. Specifically, it covers the fundamental geometric optics of finite- and infinity-corrected microscopes, develops the concepts of physical optics and Abbes theory of image formation, presents the principles of Kohler illumination, and finally reviews the fundamentals of fluorescence and fluorescence microscopy. The second group of chapters deals with digital and video fundamentals: how digital and video cameras work, how to coordinate cameras with microscopes, how to deal with digital data, the fundamentals of image processing, and low light level cameras. The third group of chapters address some specialized areas of microscopy that allow sophisticated measurements of events in living cells that are below the optical limits of resolution. Expands coverage to include discussion of confocal microscopy not found in the previous edition Includes "traps and pitfalls" as well as laboratory exercises to help illustrate methods

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The chapters in this collection address a variety of concerns in organizational theory, ranging from the evolution of organizations and cross-cultural analyses of managerial behavior to the micro-sociology of knowledge brokering within organizations and the etiology of organizational messes. Swaminathan, examines resource partitioning theory, an important theoretical perspective in population ecology. The next three chapters, broadly construed, address issues of organizational innovation, learning, and adaptation in complex environments. The next contribution, by John Carroll, Jenny Rudolph, and Sachi Hatakenaka examines how high-hazard organizations learn from experience. As with all organizations, high-hazard organizations such as nuclear power plants and chemical plants attempt to learn from experience in order to improve performance and, of course, to avoid catastrophic failure. Unlike many other kinds of organizations, however, failure to learn from prior experience-especially with respect to learning effectively from errors and mishaps-can prove extremely costly and even fatal. Hence, these organizations must balance between learning and control, and must do so under conditions of considerable oversight and scrutiny. provocative analysis of the role disorganization plays in organizational life. The two following chapters in this volume provide important overviews of theory and research on classic phenomena within organizational theory, followed by original theoretical syntheses. Robert Baron's chapter then undertakes a fresh and useful examination of the burgeoning literature on entrepreneurship and the two final chapters in the volume examine essential issues related to our understanding of organizations and the cultural environments in which they are embedded.

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Published since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research. This volume is a collection of articles covering recent advances in the field of neurobiology. Topics covered include behavioral mechanisms and the neurobiology of conditioned sexual responding; NMDA receptors in alcoholism; processing and representation of species-specific communication calls in the auditory system of bats; central nervous system control of micturition; the structure and physiology of the rat auditory system; and neurobiology of cat and human sexual behavior.

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Ronald J. Bradley, R. Adron Harris, Peter Jenner

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disorder of the human central nervous system (CNS) which usually affects young adults with certain genetic backgrounds who are then exposed to certain precipitating environmental antigen(s). Despite major advances of the past two decades in understanding the pathophysiology of MS, and in spite of the introduction of new immunomodulatory and immuno-suppressive agents which may slow down disease progression and delay the onset of disability, the cause and the cure for MS remain elusive. This volume of International Review of Neurobiology focuses on MS and related disorders.  The volume can be divided into various sections with the main emphasis on MS pathogenesis, clinical features and epidemiology, neuroimaging, and treatment. The ultimate goal of this book is to encourage further research into the pathogenesis of this elusive disease.

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International Review of Cytology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology--both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.

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Published since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research.

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Ronald J. Bradley, R. Adron Harris, Peter Jenner

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Advances in Applied Microbiology offers intensive reviews of the latest techniques and discoveries in this rapidly moving field. The editors are recognized experts and the format is comprehensive and instructive.

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Allen I. Laskin, Joan W. Bennett, Geoffrey M. Gadd

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International Review of Research in Mental Retardation

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Language and Communication in Mental Retardation

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Language and communication problems have long figured prominently in the definition of mental retardation. Volume 27 of the International Review of Research in Mental Retardation focuses exclusively on these language and communication issues. The pace of research on language learning and use in mental retardation has increased in recent years and taken new direction. This revitalization has been fueled by three factors: 1) advances in genetic technologies allowing investigation of the behavioral phenotypes of well-defined syndromes, 2) an increased emphasis on maximizing abilities of individuals with mental retardation to live and succeed in a broader range of contexts and settings, and 3) theoretical debates concerning the mechanisms of language development and the nature of the human mind.

Contents in Language and Communication in Mental Retardation include syndromes (e.g., Down syndrome, Williams syndrome), domains of language skill (e.g., reading), and intervention strategies.
Contains the most current research on genetic syndromes, including Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and fragile X syndrome Outlines the most current research on language and communication intervention for persons with mental retardation Authors consider the implications of the research reviewed for both theory and clinical practice Authors bring state-of-the-art knowledge of cognitive science, developmental science, linguistic, and behavioral genetics to bear on important questions about language and mental retardation Includes new research on long-studied conditions (e.g., Down syndrome) and disorders that are of only recent interest to child language researchers (e.g., fetal alcohol syndrome) Includes a consideration of nonverbal, as well as verbal, communication

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Laraine Masters Glidden, Leonard Abbeduto

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International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 46 presents in-depth reviews on such ground-breaking topics as assembly and intracellular trafficking of GABA A receptors, D-1 dopamine receptors, and Alzheimer's disease. This series offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date information available and is a must for anyone in the field. Includes a historical overview of neurosteroid research Contains a chapter on neurosteroid biosynthesis and regulation Presents current methods of neurosteroid measurement and analysis Discusses neurosteroid function in both the normal and the pathological brain Chapters address the function of neurosteroid in: Stress, Receptor plasticity and function, Learning and Memory, Alcohol use, Depression

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Ronald J. Bradley, R. Adron Harris, Peter Jenner, Giovanni Biggio, Robert H. Purdy