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Optimizing Human Development Across the Life Span

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Cultivating a sense of existential meaning is identified in psychological literature as an important factor in preventing illness, in promoting health, and in successfully adapting to lifes changing circumstances (resiliency as well as recovery). A lack of this sense of meaning, which the editors refer to as "existential vacuum", can form the basis of such disorders and diseases as neurosis, depression, aggression, suicide ideation, and substance abuse. Scholars have studied these relationships for years. But new developments in the field and results of recent qualitative analyses have led to a new focus on how people experience the world and draw meaning from ordinary life.     Based on their research over the last ten years, the editors write, "Existential meaning plays a crucial role in moderating the effects of stress oh physical health and psychological well-being...The role of existential meaning at different stages of life, and at points of transition between stages, has much to teach us about optimal human development across the life span."    The editors have organized the book into three sections. In the first they and their contributors lay out the foundational models and definitions that are current in the study of existential meaning. Part two emphasizes research methodology, particularly issues relevant to investigation and measurement of questions and experiences of personal meaning (clinical and sociological). The third section offers specific applications of the theories, models, and methodologies presented in the first two parts.

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A Cognitive View of Managing Complexity in Product, Information, and Envirommental Design

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The issue of complexity, as applied to the way we gather information and learn, is a hallmark of this information age. The sheer amount of data, in addition to the increasingly technological way in which the data are delivered, have had profound effects on the ways in which we process information and, hopefully, learn. In this interesting and cutting edge volume, Wayne Reeves, a professor as well as consultant to Sun Microsystems, provides an overview of the field of complexity (including chaos theory, information literacy, and Knowledge Management Tools) and presents a working framework to help guide further research.    Aimed particularly at researchers, professors, and students in the areas of cognitive science and library/information sciences, the book looks at a wide variety of tools that are being used to help create knowledge: indexes, abstracts, hypertext info retrieval systems and the like and evaluates their ability to help researchers gain understanding about their topics  and how that impacts on problem solving and decision making.

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The word audience has long been familiar as the collective term for the "receivers" in the model of mass communication process (source, channel, message, receiver, effect). It is a term that is understood by media practitioners and theorists alike and has entered into everyday usage; however, there is much room for differences of meaning, misunderstandings, and theoretical conflicts. In Audience Analysis, author Denis McQuail provides a coherent and succinct account of the concept "media audience" in terms of its history and its place in present-day media theory and research. He describes and explains the main types of audience, alternative theories about the audience, and the main traditions and fields of audience research. This informative volume explains the contrast between social scientific and humanistic approaches and gives due weight to the view "from the audience," as well as the view "from the media." It summarizes key research findings and assesses the impact of new media developments, especially transnationalization and new interactive technology. Finally, the volume concludes with an evaluation of the continued relevance of the audience concept under conditions of rapid media change.  Providing both an overview of past research and a guide to current thinking, Audience Analysis will be  enlightening to academics and students in the fields of mass communication and media studies.

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Combining humanistic rhetorical criticism with social scientific concepts, Ralph R. Smith and Russel R. Windes examine how the discourse of the progay/antigay debate shapes the self-understanding and strategies of the two opposing sides.

The struggle over issues such as lesbians and gay men serving openly in the military, same-sex marriage, and inclusion of "sexual orientation" in anti-discrimination and hate crime laws have evolved along with the development of rival progay and traditionalist antigay communities. In the process of presenting their arguments to the wider society, the two sides exercise extraordinary influence on each other. As a result of the public policy debates, the progay movement has moved toward an essentialist, non-sexual identity, while the traditionalists have shifted toward a secular public self-representation. Progay/Antigay also analyzes the internal disagreements within the two movements.

The same-sex marriage debate illustrates important dimensions of the contest over sexuality. The authors examine rhetorical strategy and counter-strategy in this specific institutional context. Progay/Antigay also discusses how the study of the variant sexuality issue provides the opportunity to assess paths for reconciliation and to judge concepts of political pluralism and multiculturalism.

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Democracy in an Age of Manufactured Images

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Bruce I. Newman tells us briskly, firmly what our instincts also tell us: We are mass marketing images rather than providing real leadership.  --Paul Simon, Former U.S. Senator, Public Policy Institute, Southern Illinois University    "Gatorade and Coke do it, so do candidates for high officethey manufacture images and manipulate reality to win our favor. In this insightful and compelling study, Bruce I. Newman demonstrates what politicians and interest groups are doing to us and what we need to do to strengthen our democracy."  --Dennis W. Johnson, Associate Dean, George Washington University    "Bruce Newman has written an incisive account of the role that marketing plays in contemporary politics.  He argues persuasively that mass marketing techniques are profoundly changing and corroding American politics.  His book provides an enlightful analysis of the ways in which marketers have transformed the presidential election."  --Richard M. Perloff, author of Political Communication: Politics, Press and Public in America    "This book is a must read for anyone concerned about the growing trend of sound bite over substance, willful manipulation of the media over honest engagement of the American Public."  --David Wilhelm, Former Chair of the Democratic National Committee    "While marketing has led to better quality in most markets, we are beginning to have serious doubts about what is doing to the quality of political life.  Bruce Newman raises serious questions about whether anyone of merit can get elected today without the support of expensive and sophisticated marketing machinery."  --Philip Kotler, S.C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing, Northwestern University    Marketing, not ideology, drives Americas contemporary political system, with an emphasis on image over substance, personality over issues, and 30-second sound bites over meaningful dialogue.  Through the use of carefully crafted messages meant to manipulate voter thinking, the same marketing tactics used by Fortune 500 companies is shaping public opinion.     The Mass Marketing of Politics details how marketing tactics are being used to determine public opinion, win votes, and shape public policy in the White House and Congress. The book points out the pitfalls of relying too heavily on marketing as a campaign and governance tool and offers solutions to fix our political system before it is too late.    Bruce I. Newman is the author of The Marketing of the President (Sage, 1993) and the forthcoming Handbook of Political Marketing.  He has served as a communication advisor to top White House officials and has written widely on the subject of political marketing in both scholarly and popular media. The Mass Marketing of Politics is provocative and essential reading for anyone interested in American politics, marketing, political communication, and media studies.

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On Media Violence is a definitive examination of this hotly debated social topic. Media scholar W. James Potter asks provocative questions such as: How much media violence is there? What are the meanings conveyed in the way violence is portrayed? What effect does it have on viewers individually, as members of particular groups, and as members of society?

The book is organized in four parts. The first part presents a thorough review of more than 40 years of research and theories about media violence. The second part is an extended critique of the assumptions and practices of that research and thinking. The book proposes re-conceptions of definitions of violence, context, levels of phenomena, the role of human development, effects, risk, and the nature of the media industries. Potter also addresses the necessity for a reconfiguration of the methodological tasks used to assess the content and effects of media violence. The final part introduces Lineation Theory, a suggested perspective and new theoretical approach explaining it.

On Media Violence is essential reading for students and scholars of Media Studies, Communication Theory, Popular Culture, Social Psychology, and Sociology. Part I of the book offers a thorough review of more than 40 years of research on media violence. Part II proposes re-conceptions of these theories, focusing in particular on violence, context, levels of phenomena, human development, effects, risk, and the media industries. In the latter half of the book, Part III addresses the necessity for a reconfiguration of the methodological tasks used to assess media violence. Part IV introduces the concept of Lineation Theory, a suggested perspective for thinking about media violence and a new theoretical approach to explaining it.

On Media Violence is essential reading for students and scholars of Media Studies, Communication Theory, Popular Culture, Social Psychology, and Sociology.

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Discourse, Rhetoric, and Social Perspectives

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Increasingly, scholars in language studies, sociology, media studies, cultural studies, communication, and other disciplines are turning to the analysis of everyday texts to understand how they shape and are shaped by social relationships, structures, and systems in various communities. Analyzing Everyday Texts provides a comprehensive and well-illustrated framework for the analysis of everyday texts by outlining and integrating three different perspectives: discoursal, rhetorical, and social. First, the tools of each perspective are carefully explicated in chapters on the resources of discoursal, rhetorical, and social theory. These three perspectives are then brought together in extensive analyses of various everyday texts. Finally, the book examines on the principles and consequences of conducting theoretically informed critical textual analysis. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers analyzing everyday texts and for scholars teaching theories and methods of analysis.

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How To Pay for Medical School and Feel Good about It

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Those contemplating medical school have heard horror stories about the cost of medical education. This book helps medical students determine the real cost of their education and the best way to finance it based on the school they choose. The volume also includes references for funding sources and counseling. Readers will learn:    * The different costs of education depending on the school(s) selected, and how great the final tally may be.   * Alternative ways to finance medical education.   * The types of service-repayment plans offered by the military and other organizations.   * How to adapt to a life of temporary debt and stay up to date on laws and policies that impact medical school debt.     How much does it really cost to be a doctor? Can a student afford to obtain financial aid at a prestigious school, knowing that they will end up owing years later while friends who choose to attend less expensive schools pay off debts quicker? With an expert eye, Christine Weibe gives readers the real scoop on medical school, weaving in the importance of spending money wisely and realistically. Since many students focus all their efforts on being accepted into medical school instead of forming a realistic picture of the financial costs and benefits of becoming a doctor, she gives advice on avoiding disillusionment and how to budget money. She also stresses the importance of obtaining credit reports, getting and paying off loans, and figuring out how much the students family should contribute. For example, one way to save money is to take advantage of programs that will pay for schooling in exchange for the promise to practice medicine at that location for a specified time. This practical book can be a guide for anyone considering or already making the trek through medical school.

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At last, a book that offers not only an overall perspective of nursing intervention and outcome research but also theory-driven guidelines for future study. Evaluating Nursing Interventions provides clinicians and students alike with a clear explanation of the problems encountered in outcomes and intervention research and then proceeds, via the Intervention Theory, to show how these studies can be undertaken reasonably and comprehensively. The authors first relate outcomes and interventions research to the quality of care. They then review the conventional approach to evaluation and the elements and sources of the Intervention Theory approach to effectiveness research. Characteristics of clients and health care professionals, intervention variables, and outcomes are also considered, concluding with implications for future research in effectiveness.

Nurses and other health professionals recognize the need to demonstrate that their care is high quality, effective, and also cost-effective; Evaluating Nursing Interventions helps them evaluate their programs to meet this need.

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Promoting Whole Person Health within Faith Communities

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Parish Nursing is a handbook on health promotion and care within faith communities. Sections of the book address the context for parish or congregational nursing; models, roles, and settings for practice; issues for parish nursing practice; the parish nurses collaboration with other health team and spiritual care professionals; and international perspectives of parish nursing. While the project had its initial roots in the Lutheran General Care System, it has been written so that nurses of all faiths should find it an extremely useful shelf reference or advanced-level text.  Parish Nursing will be of interest to scholars, students, and advanced practitioners in community and public health nursing, psychiatric/mental health nursing, and primary care nursing.  Originally published as Parish Nursing: The Developing Practice.

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Phyllis Ann Solari-Twadell, Mary Ann McDermott

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"This comprehensive publication balances theory with practical examples and suggestions for the student, the professional and the policy-maker who are interested in promoting the health of populations... The inclusion of commentary with the essays is a brilliant innovation that encourages the reader to think critically about the topic" -- CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

Settings for Health Promotion is the first full-length in-depth treatment of settings as a focal point for planning, implementing, and evaluating health promotion. The concept of setting is fundamental to theory and practice in health promotion. Settings also frame the context within which health is influenced, so that the setting itself becomes a target of intervention.

Internationally renowned authors from the United States, Canada, Europe, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand describe the state of the art in the theory and practice of health promotion as they analyze programs for their efficiency within specific settings. Following each chapter, two professionals comment upon the program from differing perspectives. Case studies provide practical applications throughout the book. Settings for Health Promotion is important reading for practitioners in public health, nursing, and allied health fields as well as anyone interested in health promotion.

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Blake D. Poland, Lawrence W. Green, Irving Rootman

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This volume explores the world of grassroots organizations and outlines their history while differentiating them from the more familiar paid-staff nonprofit organizations. David Horton Smith, a leading scholar on the nonprofit and voluntary sector, examines the available empirical research on the topic and analyzes the theoretical concepts that have come to define such associations. He affords the reader a complete, detailed description of the nature and characteristics of grassroots organizations, their formation, structure, leadership, life cycle, effectiveness, and their integral role in postmodern societies.

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Written in a clear, informative, and easy to follow manner, Dual Diagnosis is an important book on one of the hottest topics in mental health today. After opening chapters on general issues and problems with dual diagnosis, the book follows with in-depth discussions on major illnesses and analyzes the issues relevant to each when drug abuse is involved, as well as discussing the empirically validated treatment approaches available. The book closes with a summary and integration of the conclusions from earlier chapters and presents a grid showing the relationships between certain disorders and the processes of change that have been shown or theorized to be particularly helpful in their treatment. This is a book that will be extremely useful to practicing professionals in mental health and substance abuse fields, as well as students in psychology and drug abuse.

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Ted R. Watkins, Ara Lewellen, Marjie C. Barrett

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Creating High Performance Colleges and Universities

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As we enter the 21st century, colleges and universities are in great flux. Fiscal shortfalls, a suspicious public, a more consumer-driven market, and a host of other concerns demand that postsecondary institutions restructure themselves. Building the Responsive Campus offers a critique of modern academia, as well as a proposal for making campuses more effective -- that is, better at meeting clients and customers needs. Author William G. Tierney addresses the problems that many academic institutions have today in clinging to the practices and organization of the past. He argues that institutions of higher learning are in demand of dramatic organizational changes. The chapters look at key critical issues -- faculty roles and rewards, presidential leadership, strategic planning, assessment, and evaluation-utilizing the latest ideas to bring about structural reform and high performance. The timely volume takes a data-driven approach, using research derived from ethnographies, case studies, and interviews carried out over the past 15 years. By outlining many of the organizational problems that colleges and universities face today, Tierney reveals workable solutions.

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Of all the qualitative research methods, none has provoked more interest among nurses than phenomenological research. As part of Pam Brinks nuts and bolts series on research methods for nurses, this volume will provide a much-needed introduction to this methodology, including discussions on site-access, preparation, proposal-writing, ethical issues, data collections, bias reduction, data analysis, and research publication.

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Marlene Zichi Cohen, David L. Kahn, Richard H. Steeves

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A Team Approach to Dynamic Community Systems

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Arthur Mehrhoffs Community Design represents a unique way of analyzing a community and the steps needed to help design a sustainable community. In this important contribution, Mehrhoff, through his work with the Minnesota Design Team, seeks to "help communities take control of shaping a sustainable future of their own by means of information, insight, and civic dialogue." He urges readers to rethink the shape and shaping of their communities by looking at "community" in a more holistic and multidisciplinary manner. Mehrhoff tackles such topics as defining community, understanding the history of a community, understanding the issues and problems affecting a community, examining the visual aspects of a community, and obtaining citizen opinion throughout the process of becoming a sustainable community. Small communities everywhere can replicate the process discussed in this book. Community Design is well written and thought-provoking and provides a nice blend of theory and practice.

This book should be useful to all students, academics, local policy makers, and citizens who are interested in creating a common sustainable vision for their communities.

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Preventing Serious, Repeat Juvenile Crime

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The public perception is that juvenile crime is out-of- hand and that no one can do anything about it. Research, however, shows that a mere 8% of juvenile offenders arrested and sent to juvenile court commit more than half of all repeat juvenile crimes, including violence. And, something is being done about it! The surprising fact is that this "8%" can be picked out at the time of their first arrest. This book represents seven years of research on 6,400 young people having their first brush with the law in Orange County, California. It provides an exemplary state-supported model now used in six other California counties to curb the rise in the arrest of kids.

A practical, commonsense guide, this book focuses on long-term solutions to the problem of serious repeat juvenile crime and offers a proven pathway for improvement. The 8% Solution informs students, policy makers, criminal justice professionals, juvenile courts, probation departments, and parents of how to mount a successful response. Written in narrative style with a liberal use of anecdotal incidents, this is an easy-to-read description of the characteristics of kids who repeatedly get in trouble with the law and more cost-effective ways to correct the problem.

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Rebuilding Urban Neighborhoods presents a timely look at some of the most troubled neighborhoods in eight American cities: Atlanta, Camden, Chicago, Cleveland, East Saint Louis, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York City. The authors, W. Dennis Keating and Norman Krumholz, review past federal policies and early assessments of the latest federal initiative, the Empowerment Zone. They find some signs of revival even in the most distressed urban neighborhoods, but often as an overlay to persistent poverty and social problems. The case studies emphasize the important roles played by Community Development Corporations, and the book concludes with an analysis of the future prospects for distressed urban neighborhoods.

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"I cant imagine anyone living or working with adolescents and young adults without being aware of the material in this book. A must read for educators, health providers, student personnel, administrators, the clergy, campus security, and even parents."

--Mary P. Koss, The Arizona Prevention Center, University of Arizona

"My overall response to this book is highly positive. I think the authors make an important contribution to the field of violence against women by focusing on male peer support for sexual violence. I think that this book fills a real void in the literature. Sandays book, Fraternity Gang Rape, offers a rich theoretical analysis of rape on campus, and this book takes us another step in understanding sexual violence on campus by focusing on a variety of other issues related to campus rape such as alcohol and sports. . . . I think this book could (and should) be recommended reading for every college student in the U.S. and Canada. . . . The arguments . . . are clearly stated and they provide a powerful analysis of this serious problem--the material is fascinating and easy to read."

--Raquel Kennedy Bergen, Sociology Department, St. Josephs University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

"This book speaks to me on several different levels. . . . The loose pages of the manuscript that I have are now well marked with red ink; some are tea-stained and others are dog-eared. From my experience as a teacher, researcher, editor, and activist, this is usually the sign of a very good book--good not because it makes an interesting read but, more important, because it is useful. . . . As a researcher, I was struck by the books utility in . . . the authors attention to methodology . . . [and the books] contribution to theory building. . . . As an educator, I am impressed by the accessibility of the analysis, which makes the book useful as a text in many different courses. It is an interesting read; in fact, I predict that most students will report that they liked reading it. At the same time, however, it contains a wealth of information that carries not only the credibility stamp of science but also speaks directly to the students experience. . . . This book is also a valuable resource for faculty and administrators willing to scrutinize their personal attitudes and behavior as well as the policies and practices of their institutions. . . . One more level on which this book spoke to me [is] a more personal level. . . . We must make a commitment to what the authors call newsmaking: reaching out beyond our own circles to get alternative messages heard by as many people as possible. . . . And therein lies, I suppose, the books ultimate value: what we have here is a testament to the fact that the personal is political. That old feminist adage has been quoted so often and is on so many bumper stickers that the words sound hollow much of the time. I want to take this opportunity to thank Martin D. Schwartz and Walter S. DeKeseredy for reinvigorating it--and me."

--from the Foreword by Claire M. Renzetti, St. Josephs University, Philadelphia

For many coeds, the college campus life experience is marred by traumatic experiences of sexual assault. While there are many social determinants of rape and attempted rape, Sexual Assault on the College Campus examines the pivotal role of male peer support in legitimizing woman abuse. Written in an approachable style and completely grounded in the scientific research literature, this book provides enlightening discussions on the relationship of sexual assault to factors such as alcohol, deterrence, and fraternities. Authors Martin D. Schwartz and Walter S. DeKeseredy advance an original theory on male peer support and its role in supporting sexual assault using extensive prior studies and investigations theyve conducted, including a national representative study and local campus victimization surveys. Combining a firm political stand with important research findings in a highly readable format, Sexual Assault on the College Campus provides essential reading for academics, researchers, criminologists, social workers, mental health professionals, and college administrators. It will also educate students in courses that wish to make the connection between their college environment and sociology, criminology, criminal justice, womens studies, psychology, family studies, and counseling.

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Hidden Physical, Emotional, and Sexual Trauma

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With increased media attention, issues of family violence have been steadily moving out of the shadows and into the arenas of research, prevention, intervention, and public awareness. However, sibling abuseulargely unrecognized and unaddresseduremains behind the closed doors of "family privacy." Often excused by parents as "kids will be kids" behavior, the symptoms of this form of abuse go undetected and its devastating effects on the victim are ignored. Sibling Abuse, Second Edition provides insight into this form of abuse and carefully describes the range of abusive behaviors perpetrated among siblings. Along with personal accounts by adult survivors, this completely updated book describes appropriate steps for parents to take in order to evaluate and respond to their childrens abusive interactions. A new chapter on current techniques of assessment and treatment also helps therapists or counselors work to end this problem.  Lively yet reinforced by the latest research, Sibling Abuse, Second Edition offers comprehensive coverage of a subject not reflected much in the literatureuyet. Written for human services professionals, Wiehes book will also make an excellent supplement for advanced students in social work, sociology, psychology, nursing, education, and family studies. Parents may also want to inform themselves by reading this book.