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GET /services/catalog/products?format=api&page=76479
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Written by Gerald Mahan, a distinguished research physicist and author of an acclaimed textbook on many-particle physics, Quantum Mechanics in a Nutshell is the distillation of many years' teaching experience.<br><br><br> Emphasizing the use of quantum mechanics to describe actual quantum systems such as atoms and solids, and rich with interesting applications, the book proceeds from solving for the properties of a single particle in potential; to solving for two particles (the helium atom); to addressing many-particle systems. Applications include electron gas, magnetism, and Bose-Einstein Condensation; examples are carefully chosen and worked; and each chapter has numerous homework problems, many of them original.<br><br><br><br> Quantum Mechanics in a Nutshell expertly addresses traditional and modern topics, including perturbation theory, WKBJ, variational methods, angular momentum, the Dirac equation, many-particle wave functions, Casimir Force, and Bell's Theorem. And it treats many topics--such as the interactions between photons and electrons, scattering theory, and density functional theory--in exceptional depth.<br><br><br> A valuable addition to the teaching literature, Quantum Mechanics in a Nutshell is ideally suited for a two-semester course.<br><br></p><br> The most concise, up-to-date, and accessible graduate textbook on the subject <br> Contains the ideal amount of material for a two-semester course <br> Focuses on the description of actual quantum systems, including a range of applications <br> Covers traditional topics, as well as those at the frontiers of research <br> Treats in unprecedented detail topics such as photon-electron interaction, scattering theory, and density functional theory <br> Includes numerous homework problems at the end of each chapter <br>", "author": "Gerald D. Mahan", "slug": "quantum-mechanics-in-a-nutshell-177256-9781400833382-gerald-d-mahan", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400833382.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177256", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177256/quantum-mechanics-in-a-nutshell-177256-9781400833382-gerald-d-mahan", "bisac_codes": [ "SCI055000", "PH" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691137131", "EISBN13": "9781400833382", "EISBN10": "1400833388" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010030537034" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177255", "attributes": { "name": "Mind and Nature", "subtitle": "Selected Writings on Philosophy, Mathematics, and Physics", "description": "<p>Hermann Weyl (1885-1955) was one of the twentieth century's most important mathematicians, as well as a seminal figure in the development of quantum physics and general relativity. He was also an eloquent writer with a lifelong interest in the philosophical implications of the startling new scientific developments with which he was so involved. Mind and Nature is a collection of Weyl's most important general writings on philosophy, mathematics, and physics, including pieces that have never before been published in any language or translated into English, or that have long been out of print. Complete with Peter Pesic's introduction, notes, and bibliography, these writings reveal an unjustly neglected dimension of a complex and fascinating thinker. In addition, the book includes more than twenty photographs of Weyl and his family and colleagues, many of which are previously unpublished.<br><br><br> Included here are Weyl's exposition of his important synthesis of electromagnetism and gravitation, which Einstein at first hailed as \"a first-class stroke of genius\"; two little-known letters by Weyl and Einstein from 1922 that give their contrasting views on the philosophical implications of modern physics; and an essay on time that contains Weyl's argument that the past is never completed and the present is not a point. Also included are two book-length series of lectures, The Open World (1932) and Mind and Nature (1934), each a masterly exposition of Weyl's views on a range of topics from modern physics and mathematics. Finally, four retrospective essays from Weyl's last decade give his final thoughts on the interrelations among mathematics, philosophy, and physics, intertwined with reflections on the course of his rich life.</p>", "author": "Hermann Weyl, Peter Pesic, Peter Pesic", "slug": "mind-and-nature-177255-9781400833320-hermann-weyl", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400833320.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177255", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177255/mind-and-nature-177255-9781400833320-hermann-weyl", "bisac_codes": [ "MAT015000", "PBX" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691135458", "EISBN13": "9781400833320", "EISBN10": "1400833329" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010030535480" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177253", "attributes": { "name": "Elliptic Partial Differential Equations and Quasiconformal Mappings in the Plane (PMS-48)", "subtitle": "", "description": "This book explores the most recent developments in the theory of planar quasiconformal mappings with a particular focus on the interactions with partial differential equations and nonlinear analysis. It gives a thorough and modern approach to the classical theory and presents important and compelling applications across a spectrum of mathematics: dynamical systems, singular integral operators, inverse problems, the geometry of mappings, and the calculus of variations. It also gives an account of recent advances in harmonic analysis and their applications in the geometric theory of mappings. The book explains that the existence, regularity, and singular set structures for second-order divergence-type equations--the most important class of PDEs in applications--are determined by the mathematics underpinning the geometry, structure, and dimension of fractal sets; moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces; and conformal dynamical systems. These topics are inextricably linked by the theory of quasiconformal mappings. Further, the interplay between them allows the authors to extend classical results to more general settings for wider applicability, providing new and often optimal answers to questions of existence, regularity, and geometric properties of solutions to nonlinear systems in both elliptic and degenerate elliptic settings.", "author": "Kari Astala, Tadeusz Iwaniec, Gaven Martin", "slug": "elliptic-partial-differential-equations-and-quasiconformal-mappings-in-the-plane-pms-48-177253-9781400830114-kari-astala-tadeusz-iwaniec-gaven-martin", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400830114.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177253", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177253/elliptic-partial-differential-equations-and-quasiconformal-mappings-in-the-plane-pms-48-177253-9781400830114-kari-astala-tadeusz-iwaniec-gaven-martin", "bisac_codes": [ "MAT040000", "MAT007000" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691137773", "ISBN10": "1400830117", "EISBN13": "9781400830114", "EISBN10": "1400830117" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010023606440" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177251", "attributes": { "name": "Higher Topos Theory", "subtitle": "", "description": "<p>Higher category theory is generally regarded as technical and forbidding, but part of it is considerably more tractable: the theory of infinity-categories, higher categories in which all higher morphisms are assumed to be invertible. In Higher Topos Theory, Jacob Lurie presents the foundations of this theory, using the language of weak Kan complexes introduced by Boardman and Vogt, and shows how existing theorems in algebraic topology can be reformulated and generalized in the theory's new language. The result is a powerful theory with applications in many areas of mathematics.<br><br><br> The book's first five chapters give an exposition of the theory of infinity-categories that emphasizes their role as a generalization of ordinary categories. Many of the fundamental ideas from classical category theory are generalized to the infinity-categorical setting, such as limits and colimits, adjoint functors, ind-objects and pro-objects, locally accessible and presentable categories, Grothendieck fibrations, presheaves, and Yoneda's lemma. A sixth chapter presents an infinity-categorical version of the theory of Grothendieck topoi, introducing the notion of an infinity-topos, an infinity-category that resembles the infinity-category of topological spaces in the sense that it satisfies certain axioms that codify some of the basic principles of algebraic topology. A seventh and final chapter presents applications that illustrate connections between the theory of higher topoi and ideas from classical topology.</p>", "author": "Jacob Lurie", "slug": "higher-topos-theory-177251-9781400830558-jacob-lurie", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400830558.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177251", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177251/higher-topos-theory-177251-9781400830558-jacob-lurie", "bisac_codes": [ "MAT002010", "PBF" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691140483", "EISBN13": "9781400830558", "EISBN10": "1400830559" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010030538636" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177249", "attributes": { "name": "Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany", "subtitle": "Individual Fates and Global Impact", "description": "The emigration of mathematicians from Europe during the Nazi era signaled an irrevocable and important historical shift for the international mathematics world. Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany is the first thoroughly documented account of this exodus. In this greatly expanded translation of the 1998 German edition, Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze describes the flight of more than 140 mathematicians, their reasons for leaving, the political and economic issues involved, the reception of these emigrants by various countries, and the emigrants' continuing contributions to mathematics. The influx of these brilliant thinkers to other nations profoundly reconfigured the mathematics world and vaulted the United States into a new leadership role in mathematics research. Based on archival sources that have never been examined before, the book discusses the preeminent emigrant mathematicians of the period, including Emmy Noether, John von Neumann, Hermann Weyl, and many others. The author explores the mechanisms of the expulsion of mathematicians from Germany, the emigrants' acculturation to their new host countries, and the fates of those mathematicians forced to stay behind. The book reveals the alienation and solidarity of the emigrants, and investigates the global development of mathematics as a consequence of their radical migration. An in-depth yet accessible look at mathematics both as a scientific enterprise and human endeavor, Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany provides a vivid picture of a critical chapter in the history of international science.", "author": "Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze", "slug": "mathematicians-fleeing-from-nazi-germany-177249-9781400831401-reinhard-siegmund-schultze", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400831401.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177249", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177249/mathematicians-fleeing-from-nazi-germany-177249-9781400831401-reinhard-siegmund-schultze", "bisac_codes": [ "MAT015000", "BIO015000" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691140414", "ISBN10": "1400831407", "EISBN13": "9781400831401", "EISBN10": "1400831407" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010023606454" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177247", "attributes": { "name": "Resource Strategies of Wild Plants", "subtitle": "", "description": "<p>Over millions of years, terrestrial plants have competed for limited resources, defended themselves against herbivores, and resisted a myriad of environmental stresses. These struggles have helped generate more than a quarter million terrestrial plant species, each possessing a unique strategy for success. Yet, as Resource Strategies of Wild Plants demonstrates, the constraints on plant growth are universal enough that a few survival strategies hold true for all seed-producing plants. This book describes the five major strategies of growth for terrestrial plants, details how plants succeed when resources are scarce, delves into the history of research into plant strategies, and resets the foundational understanding of ecological processes.<br><br><br> Drawing from recent findings in plant-herbivore interactions, ecosystem ecology, and evolutionary ecology, Joseph Craine explains how plants attain available nutrients, withstand the immense stresses of drying soils, and flourish in the race for light. He shows that the competition for resources has shaped plant evolution in newly discovered ways, while the scarcity of such resources has affected how plants interact with herbivores, wind, fire, and frost. An understanding of the major resource strategies of wild plants remains central to learning about the ecology of plant communities, global changes in the biosphere, methods for species conservation, and the evolution of life on earth.</p>", "author": "Joseph M. Craine", "slug": "resource-strategies-of-wild-plants-177247-9781400830640-joseph-m-craine", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400830640.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177247", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177247/resource-strategies-of-wild-plants-177247-9781400830640-joseph-m-craine", "bisac_codes": [ "SCI020000", "PSAF" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691139111", "EISBN13": "9781400830640", "EISBN10": "1400830648" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010030536557" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177245", "attributes": { "name": "Citizens, Courts, and Confirmations", "subtitle": "Positivity Theory and the Judgments of the American People", "description": "In recent years the American public has witnessed several hard-fought battles over nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court. In these heated confirmation fights, candidates' legal and political philosophies have been subject to intense scrutiny and debate. Citizens, Courts, and Confirmations examines one such fight--over the nomination of Samuel Alito--to discover how and why people formed opinions about the nominee, and to determine how the confirmation process shaped perceptions of the Supreme Court's legitimacy. Drawing on a nationally representative survey, James Gibson and Gregory Caldeira use the Alito confirmation fight as a window into public attitudes about the nation's highest court. They find that Americans know far more about the Supreme Court than many realize, that the Court enjoys a great deal of legitimacy among the American people, that attitudes toward the Court as an institution generally do not suffer from partisan or ideological polarization, and that public knowledge enhances the legitimacy accorded the Court. Yet the authors demonstrate that partisan and ideological infighting that treats the Court as just another political institution undermines the considerable public support the institution currently enjoys, and that politicized confirmation battles pose a grave threat to the basic legitimacy of the Supreme Court.", "author": "James L. Gibson, Gregory A. Caldeira", "slug": "citizens-courts-and-confirmations-177245-9781400830602-james-l-gibson-gregory-a-caldeira", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400830602.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177245", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177245/citizens-courts-and-confirmations-177245-9781400830602-james-l-gibson-gregory-a-caldeira", "bisac_codes": [ "POL040030", "POL016000" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691139883", "ISBN10": "1400830605", "EISBN13": "9781400830602", "EISBN10": "1400830605" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010024523416" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177242", "attributes": { "name": "The Democratic Virtues of the Christian Right", "subtitle": "", "description": "<p>The Christian Right is frequently accused of threatening democratic values. But in The Democratic Virtues of the Christian Right, Jon Shields argues that religious conservatives have in fact dramatically increased and improved democratic participation and that they are far more civil and reasonable than is commonly believed.<br><br><br> Shields interviewed leaders of more than thirty Christian Right organizations, observed movement activists in six American cities, and analyzed a wide variety of survey data and movement media. His conclusions are surprising: the Christian Right has reinvigorated American politics and fulfilled New Left ideals by mobilizing a previously alienated group and by refocusing politics on the contentious ideological and moral questions that motivate citizens. Shields also finds that, largely for pragmatic reasons, the vast majority of Christian Right leaders encourage their followers to embrace deliberative norms in the public square, including civility and secular reasoning.<br><br><br> At the same time, Shields highlights a tension between participatory and deliberative ideals since Christian Right leaders also nurture moral passions, prejudices, and dogmas to propel their movement. Nonetheless, the Christian Right's other democratic virtues help contain civic extremism, sharpen the thinking of activists, and raise the level and tenor of political debate for all Americans.</p>", "author": "Jon A. Shields", "slug": "the-democratic-virtues-of-the-christian-right-177242-9781400830107-jon-a-shields", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400830107.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177242", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177242/the-democratic-virtues-of-the-christian-right-177242-9781400830107-jon-a-shields", "bisac_codes": [ "REL084000", "QRAM2" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691137407", "EISBN13": "9781400830107", "EISBN10": "1400830109" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010030543454" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177241", "attributes": { "name": "The Message Matters", "subtitle": "The Economy and Presidential Campaigns", "description": "<p>The economy is so powerful in determining the results of U.S. presidential elections that political scientists can predict winners and losers with amazing accuracy long before the campaigns start. But if it is true that \"it's the economy, Stupid,\" why do incumbents in good economies sometimes lose? The reason, Lynn Vavreck argues, is that what matters is not just the state of the economy but how candidates react to it. By demonstrating more precisely than ever before how candidates and their campaigns affect the economic vote, The Message Matters provides a powerful new way of understanding past elections--and predicting future ones.<br><br><br> Vavreck examines the past sixty years of presidential elections and offers a new theory of campaigns that explains why electoral victory requires more than simply being the candidate favored by prevailing economic conditions. Using data from presidential elections since 1952, she reveals why, when, and how campaign messages make a difference--and when they can outweigh economic predictors of election outcomes.<br><br><br><br> The Message Matters does more than show why candidates favored by the economy must build their campaigns around economic messages. Vavreck's theory also explains why candidates disadvantaged by the economy must try to focus their elections on noneconomic issues that meet exacting criteria--and why this is so hard to do.</p>", "author": "Lynn Vavreck", "slug": "the-message-matters-177241-9781400830480-lynn-vavreck", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400830480.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177241", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177241/the-message-matters-177241-9781400830480-lynn-vavreck", "bisac_codes": [ "POL008000", "JPHF" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691139630", "EISBN13": "9781400830480", "EISBN10": "1400830486" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010030536711" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177239", "attributes": { "name": "The Politics of Global Regulation", "subtitle": "", "description": "<p>Regulation by public and private organizations can be hijacked by special interests or small groups of powerful firms, and nowhere is this easier than at the global level. In whose interest is the global economy being regulated? Under what conditions can global regulation be made to serve broader interests? This is the first book to examine systematically how and why such hijacking or \"regulatory capture\" happens, and how it can be averted.<br><br><br> Walter Mattli and Ngaire Woods bring together leading experts to present an analytical framework to explain regulatory outcomes at the global level and offer a series of case studies that illustrate the challenges of a global economy in which many institutions are less transparent and are held much less accountable by the media and public officials than are domestic institutions. They explain when and how global regulation falls prey to regulatory capture, yet also shed light on the positive regulatory changes that have occurred in areas including human rights, shipping safety, and global finance. This book is a wake-up call to proponents of network governance, self-regulation, and the view that technocrats should be left to regulate with as little oversight as possible.<br><br><br> In addition to the editors, the contributors are Kenneth W. Abbott, Samuel Barrows, Judith L. Goldstein, Eric Helleiner, Miles Kahler, David A. Lake, Kathryn Sikkink, Duncan Snidal, Richard H. Steinberg, and David Vogel.</p>", "author": "Walter Mattli, Ngaire Woods", "slug": "the-politics-of-global-regulation-177239-9781400830732", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400830732.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177239", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177239/the-politics-of-global-regulation-177239-9781400830732", "bisac_codes": [ "POL011000", "JPS" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691139609", "EISBN13": "9781400830732", "EISBN10": "1400830737" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010030540112" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177237", "attributes": { "name": "Boundaries of Contagion", "subtitle": "How Ethnic Politics Have Shaped Government Responses to AIDS", "description": "<p>Why have governments responded to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in such different ways? During the past quarter century, international agencies and donors have disseminated vast resources and a set of best practice recommendations to policymakers around the globe. Yet the governments of developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean continue to implement widely varying policies. Boundaries of Contagion is the first systematic, comparative analysis of the politics of HIV/AIDS. The book explores the political challenges of responding to a stigmatized condition, and identifies ethnic boundaries--the formal and informal institutions that divide societies--as a central influence on politics and policymaking.<br><br><br> Evan Lieberman examines the ways in which risk and social competition get mapped onto well-institutionalized patterns of ethnic politics. Where strong ethnic boundaries fragment societies into groups, the politics of AIDS are more likely to involve blame and shame-avoidance tactics against segments of the population. In turn, government leaders of such countries respond far less aggressively to the epidemic. Lieberman's case studies of Brazil, South Africa, and India--three developing countries that face significant AIDS epidemics--are complemented by statistical analyses of the policy responses of Indian states and over seventy developing countries. The studies conclude that varied patterns of ethnic competition shape how governments respond to this devastating problem. The author considers the implications for governments and donors, and the increasing tendency to identify social problems in ethnic terms.</p>", "author": "Evan Lieberman", "slug": "boundaries-of-contagion-177237-9781400830459-evan-lieberman", "thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/9781400830459.jpg", "default_thumbnail_image": "//redshelf-images.s3-external-1.amazonaws.com/thumbnail/default_book_thumbnail.jpg", "product_type": "book", "product_id": "177237", "product_url": "/app/ecom/book/177237/boundaries-of-contagion-177237-9781400830459-evan-lieberman", "bisac_codes": [ "POL028000", "JPQB" ], "items_count": null, "identifiers": { "ISBN13": "9780691140193", "EISBN13": "9781400830459", "EISBN10": "1400830451" }, "drm": null, "cover_image": null, "default_cover_image": null, "book_type": null }, "relationships": { "lowest_offering": { "data": { "type": "offerings", "id": "00010030541620" } } } }, { "type": "Product", "id": "00010000177235", "attributes": { "name": "The Struggle for Power in Early Modern Europe", "subtitle": "Religious Conflict, Dynastic Empires, and International Change", "description": "<p>Scholars have long argued over whether the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, which ended more than a century of religious conflict arising from the Protestant Reformations, inaugurated the modern sovereign-state system. But they largely ignore a more fundamental question: why did the emergence of new forms of religious heterodoxy during the Reformations spark such violent upheaval and nearly topple the old political order? In this book, Daniel Nexon demonstrates that the answer lies in understanding how the mobilization of transnational religious movements intersects with--and can destabilize--imperial forms of rule.<br><br><br> Taking a fresh look at the pivotal events of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries--including the Schmalkaldic War, the Dutch Revolt, and the Thirty Years' War--Nexon argues that early modern \"composite\" political communities had more in common with empires than with modern states, and introduces a theory of imperial dynamics that explains how religious movements altered Europe's balance of power. He shows how the Reformations gave rise to crosscutting religious networks that undermined the ability of early modern European rulers to divide and contain local resistance to their authority. In doing so, the Reformations produced a series of crises in the European order and crippled the Habsburg bid for hegemony.<br><br><br> Nexon's account of these processes provides a theoretical and analytic framework that not only challenges the way international relations scholars think about state formation and international change, but enables us to better understand global politics today.</p>", "author": "Daniel H. 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Contrary to the conventional view, the authors demonstrate that the public does not respond reflexively and solely to the number of casualties in a conflict. Instead, the book argues that the public makes reasoned and reasonable cost-benefit calculations for their continued support of a war based on the justifications for it and the likelihood it will succeed, along with the costs that have been suffered in casualties. Of these factors, the book finds that the most important consideration for the public is the expectation of success. If the public believes that a mission will succeed, the public will support it even if the costs are high. 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But until now, we have known surprisingly little about how international actors design and implement these mixed-sovereignty arrangements. Contracting States uses the concept of \"incomplete contracts\"--agreements that are intentionally ambiguous and subject to future renegotiation--to explain how states divide and transfer their sovereign territory and functions, and demonstrate why some of these arrangements offer stable and lasting solutions while others ultimately collapse.<br><br><br> Building on important advances in economics and law, Alexander Cooley and Hendrik Spruyt develop a highly original, interdisciplinary approach and apply it to a broad range of cases involving international sovereign political integration and disintegration. 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What drives Iago to orchestrate Othello's downfall? Instead of treating Iago's lack of motive as the play's greatest weakness, The Apologetics of Evil shows how this absence of motive is the play's greatest strength. Richard Raatzsch determines that Iago does not seek a particular end or revenge for a discrete wrong; instead, Iago is governed by a passion for intriguing in itself. Raatzsch explains that this passion is a pathological version of ordinary human behavior and that Iago lacks the ability to acknowledge others; what matters most to him is the difference between himself and the rest of the world.<br><br><br> The book opens with a portrait of Iago, and considers the nature and moral significance of the evil that he represents. Raatzsch addresses the boundaries dividing normality and pathology, conceptualizing evil as a pathological form of the good or ordinary. 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